Punjab, the richest state in India. Punjab –"The Food basket and Granary of India", has been awarded National Productivity Award for agriculture extension services for consecutively ten years from 1991-92 to 1998-99 and 2001 to 2003-04.
Punjab
is now well on its way to rapid industrialization through coordinated
development of Small, Medium and Large scale industries. Punjab has
been declared one of the best States in India in terms of rail, road and
transport network as per National Council of Applied Economic Research
(NCAER), 2007. Ludhiana (Punjab) has been adjudged as the best place
for doing business in India as per the World Bank Study, 2009. With the
up-gradation of Amritsar International Airport & another
International Airport coming up in Mohali. State
Government has undertaken setting up of new power projects at
Gidderbaha, Talwandi Sabo, Rajpura and Goindwal Sahib which will make
Punjab a power surplus state by 2012(Projects are still going on).
The area of Punjab can be divided into
Malwa is
a region of Punjab and parts of Haryana between the Sutlej and Yamuna
rivers. People of Malwa are known for being great fighters, and
warriors. The Malwa area makes up majority of the Punjab region
consisting 11 districts. Cities such as Ludhiana, Patiala, Bhatinda and
Mohali located in the Malwa region
Majha is
a historical region of the Indian Punjab comprising the modern
districts of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran. It lies between two of
the five great rivers of the Punjab: the Ravi and the Sutlej.
Doaba is
the region of Indian Punjab surrounded by the rivers Beas and Sutlej.
The name "Doaba" literally translates to "land of two rivers" ("Do" two,
"Ab" river; Punjabi). It is one of the most fertile regions of the
world, and was the centre of the Green Revolution in India. To this day,
it remains one of the largest per capita producers of wheat in the
world. The biggest cities in Doaba are Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Adampur,
Nawansher and Phagwara.
Geographical area
The geographical area of Punjab is 50,362 sq. km (1.54% of India's total IT lies in North-west of India. Its average elevation is 300 m from the sea level.
Location
Punjab
extends from the latitudes 29.30° North to 32.32° North and longitudes
73.55° East to 76.50° East. It is bounded on the west by Pakistan, on
the north by Jammu and Kashmir, on the northeast by Himachal Pradesh and
on the south by Haryana and Rajasthan. Due to the presence of a large
number of rivers, most of the Punjab is a fertile plain. The southeast
region of the state is semi-arid and gradually presents a desert
landscape. A belt of undulating hills extends along the northeastern
part of the state at the foot of the Himalayas.
State Capital
The state capital of Punjab is Chandigarh(Also UT).
Literacy Rate
The literacy rate in Punjab is 76.68%
Urban-Rural ratio
Being an agricultural state, a large part of the population lives in the rural area. Approx. 62.51% of people live in rural areas while the rest 37.49% is urban resident.
Sex ratio
According to the 2011 census there are 893 females per 1000 males in Punjab. Sex ratio defined as number of females per 1000 males in the population.
Religion
Sikhism is the most practiced faith in Punjab, and roughly 60% of the population belongs to the Sikh faith. 37% of
the population practices Hinduism. The Punjabi language, written in the
Gurmukhi script is the official and most commonly used language in the
state. Other languages that are spoken in Punjab are Hindi, and English.
Climate
Punjab
is situated in the North-Western part of India. The Punjab Climate is
determined by the extreme hot and extreme cold conditions. The region
lying near the foot hills of Himalayas receive heavy rainfall whereas
the region lying at a distant from the hills, the rainfall is scanty and
the temperature is high.
Punjab’s
climate comprises of three seasons. They are the summer months that
spans from mid April to the end of June. The rainy season in Punjab is
from the months of early July to end of September. The winter season in
Punjab is experienced during the months of early December to the end of
February. The transitional Seasons in Punjab are the post monsoon season
and the post winter season.
The state of Punjab has 22 districts which comprise of sub-divisions, tehsils & blocks.
Punjab has 22 districts:
» Amritsar
» Bathinda
» Barnala
» Faridkot
» Fatehgarh Sahib
» Ferozepur
» Gurdaspur
» Hoshiarpur
» Jalandhar
» Kapurthala
» Ludhiana
» Mansa
» Moga
» Muktsar
» Mohali
» Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar
» Patiala
» Rup Nagar
» Tarn Taran
» Sangrur
» Fazilka
» Pathankot
Rivers of Punjab
Satluj River is sometimes known as the Red River. The
Satluj River, is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the
historic crossroad region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan. The largest modern industrial city along the Satluj river banks is ludhiana. The waters of the Satluj are allocated to India under the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan, and are mostly diverted to irrigation canals in India. The Sutlej is joined by the Beas River in Hari-Ke-Patan Amritsar.
Beas River was also known as Arjikuja According to vedas. Its total length is 470 km (290 miles).
Ravi River was known as Iravati(Airavati) According to vedas. Its total length is 720 km (450 miles).
Bhakhra Dam is a concrete gravity dam across the Satluj River near the border between Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. The dam was named after the adjacent village "Bhakra". It is 225.55 m (740 ft) high above mean sea level. The length of the dam (the road above it) is 518.25, and 304.84 m broad. Its huge reservoir known as Govind Sagar can store 9,621 million cubic metre of water.
Ancient
Names of the River
- Satluj Satlutri
- Beas Vipash
- Ravi Parushtani
- Chenab Asikni
- Jhelum Vitasta
- Indus Sindhu
- Saraswati Sarusti
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