Saturday 3 August 2013

Today's GK



Honda motorcycle and scooter India private limited (HMSI), the only Honda in Indian 2 wheeler industry, has overtaken Bajaj Auto in both domestic and overseas sales in July to claim the second position.

The Employees Provident Fund Organisation will come out with one of its most remarkable plans in December to provide a universal social security number to all workers in the unorganized sector. This will be linked to a compulsory PF account.
Central PF commissioner K K Jalan said the service would bring social security and minimum wage rights to all workers. Anyone employing more than 20 employees will have to implement this.
The employee's social security number works like a bank account. When he moves to work at a new place, his new employer will have to feed in his number into the system, transferring his PF account. The construction sector in India has six crore workers, but only less than 30 lakh of them have social security cover.
Amid reports of the UPA government's intention to place before the winter session of Parliament a bill to replace the Food Security Ordinance, Tamil Nadu chief minister J Jayalalithaa urged Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to ensure that the concerns of the states are addressed.
"I would scarcely be exaggerating if I stated that, for Tamil Nadu, this Ordinance is actually a Food Insecurity Ordinance

Caste in politics has always played a dominant role in distribution of election tickets. It now seems caste will discharge a vital function in the formation of the new capital of Andhra Pradesh, or Seemandhra as it is being referred to.
Top caste leaders from the dominant Reddys and Kammas are active behind-the-scenes trying to strike deals with the Centre on the location of the new capital, three days after the UPA alliance agreed on the formation of a new Telangana state

Sugathakumari, the Malayalam poetess on 2 August 2013 won the prestigious Saraswati Samman 2012 for Manalezhuthu (the Writings on the Sand), a collection of poems in Malayalam. Manalezhuthu was published in the year 2006. The award was instituted by KK Birla Foundation. This is the 22nd Samman, conferred in the history of the Award.

Manalezhuthu, the poetry collection for which she was chosen for the samman in March 2013 is actually a collection of 27 different poems. The poetry collection is said to be a representation of best of contemporary Malayalam poetry.
About Sugathakumari
• Sugathakumari has 15 volumes of poetry credited to her.
• She also has six collections of prose. Her career spans over a duration of five decades.
• The themes of her poems revolve around moral alertness, emotional empathy as well as humanist sensitivity. Her poems also include social themes such as women oppression, failures of the ideals which inspired India as well as ecological crisis.
• Sugathakumari is also the passionate environmentalist.
• She was also the head of Kerala’s State Women’s Commission.

About the Award Saraswati Samman

• Saraswati Samman was constituted by K. K. Birla Foundation in 1991
• The award carries cash prize of 10 lakh Rupees, a plaque as well as a citation.
• This award is given every year to the literary work in any Indian language which is the part of Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.
• Apart from this award, K. K. Birla Foundation also constituted other two awards that include Bihari Puraskar for Hindi and Rajasthani writers and Vyas Samman for Hindi.
• Saraswati Samman is awarded annually for outstanding literary work in any Indian language in past 10 years.
• The Samman is recognised as the most prestigious and the highest literary honour in the country.
Earlier, in March 2013 a 13-member jury selected, the 79-year-old Sugathakumari for Saraswati Samman. The jury was headed by the former Chief Justice of India, R. C. Lahoti. She was chosen for the award after the jury considered works of the artists published in 22 different languages from 2002 to 2011.
  
The first recipient of the Samman was Ismat Chughtai. He won the award for his work in Urdu Literature.
Recipients of the Saraswati Samman for last three years include:
• In 2009, Surjit Paatar won the samman for Lafzan Di Dargah
• In 2010, S. L. Bhyrappa won the samman for Mandra
• In 2011, A.A. Manavalan won the samman for Irama Kathaiyum Iramayakalum

The economists from Environmental and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley explained about the inter-relation between human conflict and climate change. A recent study released on 1 August 2013 revealed that there was a strong and positive correlation between the human violence and rising temperatures of Earth because of climate change. The study was published in Science. The study tracked human conflicts, climate change and the relationship between the two since 8000 BC.

The economists conducting the study explained that there was no explanation of this relation, but it was speculated that the factors which associate climate to the well being of humans, could be responsible for more aggression, which comes out in the form of more violent kinds of rapes and blaring horns.

Edward Miguel, Oxfam Professor of Environmental and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley, one among the authors of the study, gave an example that when the climate gets hotter, the neurophysiology of the humans, changes and this inclines them further to violence.

The findings are important for analysing the impact of climate change in future, on the societies. It is important to note that various global climate models forecast the increase in temperatures of at least 2 degrees Celsius over the time period of next 50 years.

The study explained that, “for every 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures or more extreme rainfall, median estimates indicate that the frequency of interpersonal violence rises 4 per cent and the frequency of intergroup conflict rises 14 per cent.”

This indicated that an increase in the world temperature by 2 degrees Celsius would also increase the rate of intergroup conflicts like civil wars, by more than 50 percent in different parts of the world. The tropical regions are the ones where conflicts like these will become more common, by the year 2050.

This was the comprehensive study which showed that there was strong evidence about link between more violence and climate change. The economists concluded that there was a robust connection between the violence and the climate, at the different scales and time periods, all over the world. In the study, the data from various regions of the world were studied, and similar kind of patterns of conflicts was associated with the climate changes such as higher than the average yearly temperature and enhanced drought.

Economists explained that this scenario could also be linked to agriculture, where the economies are primarily agrarian. In less developed countries, where major portion of the population is dependent upon their farms for food, extreme rainfall or high temperatures can hamper their crops and lead to considerable drop in income, thereby leading to violence.

Certain examples of these are more number of murders and assaults in Tanzania and US, domestic violence in Australia and India, land invasions in Brazil, ethnic violence in South Asia and Europe, collapse of Chinese and Mayan empires, civil conflicts in tropics as well as increased use of police force in Holland.

The study made use of 45 datasets (from the 60 studies) in order to examine things. The datasets were based on various subjects such as psychology, political science, history, geography, economics, criminology and archeology. These datasets were subjected to rigorous statistical method known as regression framework. This accounted for time as well as space in the systematic way, which explained the correlation between climate variables and conflicts.

Considering the study, the environmentalists explained that this was another reason why serious steps should be taken for dealing with future climate change

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) on 2 August 2013 approved the creation of the Special National Investment Fund with the specific objective of meeting the minimum public shareholding of 10 percent requirement in the six Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs).

The CPSEs include

• Andrew Yule & Company Ltd.
• Fertilizers & Chemicals (Travancore) Ltd.
• Scooters India Ltd.
• HMT Ltd.
• Hindustan Photo Films Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
• ITI Ltd.

Salient features of the Special National Investment Fund are
• Under the provision of the Fund, the number of shares that is required to make the six Companies compliant with the minimum public shareholding will be transferred to the Special National Investment Fund out of Government of India shareholding on irrevocable basis without any consideration
• Independent professional Fund Managers will be responsible towards managing the fund
• The shares of the six CPSEs would be sold by the Fund within a period of five years
• The funds generated from the sale of the shares would be used for social sector schemes of the Government
• The modalities of the sale of shares in the Fund would be decided by the existing EGoM

Vide Securities Contracts, (Regulations) (Second Amendment) Rules, 2010 dated 9 August 2010 all the Government Companies are required to have at least 10 percent public shareholding and where public shareholding is less than 10 percent, the Companies were required to comply with this condition within a period of 3 years by following methods permitted by SEBI for this purpose
A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed on 1 August 2013 to set up a new company, named the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) to construct the Regional Rapid Transport System (RRTS).

The Union Ministry of Railways, Union Ministry of Urban Development and the National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB) and the state Governments of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh agreed for the creation of a company the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC). RRTS is the high Speed rail network to connect the cities of National Capital Region. The Union Cabinet cleared the creation of NCRTC on 11 July 2013

NCRTC will implement individual RRTS corridors either through separate Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) or on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode.

The NCRTC will also design, develop, implement, finance, operate and maintain the Regional Rapid Transport System (RRTS) in the National Capital Region to provide comfortable and fast transit to NCR towns, and meet the high growth in transport demand.

• The Corporation will have a initial capital of 100 crore rupees on a 50:50 ownership pattern with 50 per cent owned by the Centre and 50 per cent by the State Governments.
• Union Ministry of Urban Development and Ministry of Railways will have 22.5 percent equity each in the project, with 5percent equity of NCRPB and four State Governments will have equity of 12.5 percent each.

NCRPB had envisioned setting up of eight rapid transport corridors connecting NCR to nearby areas in its functional plan of 2023.

Regional Rapid Transport System (RRTS)

The RRTS will be built on the lines of Delhi Metro in order develop the Northern plains and reduce the congestion in Delhi and making travel easier for people in cities and towns  within a 100-200 km radius of Delhi to commute to and from the NCR.

In the first phase, the RRTS will cover
• A 111 km stretch between Delhi-Soniapat-Panipat with an estimated cost of 18755 crore rupees
• A 180 km stretch between Delhi-Gurgaon-Alwar at an estimated cost of 32141 crore rupees.
• A 90 km stretch between Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut at an estimated cost of 21274 crore rupees.
The total length of the three corridors will be 381 km and estimated cost of will be 72000 crore Rupees and The first phase RRTS is expected to completed in five years from the time of land acquired.

A total of 48 stations will be built on these corridors, with an expected ridership between four to seven lakh.

The government would raise the fund for the developing RRTS through innovative financing mechanism like property development along the transit corridors and stations, and through increased property tax collections and increased floor area ratios.

The rapid transport system is expected to boost real estate and other development prospects in the expanding NCR region.

Rajeev Rishi took over as the Chairman and Managing Director of Central Bank of India on 1 August 2013. His appointment is for a period of five years.

Prior to the new appointment, Mr. Rishi served as the Executive Director of Indian Bank, since October 2010. Before joining Indian Bank, he was the General Manager of Oriental Bank of Commerce.

Rajeev Rishi, who belongs to Chandigarh, holds a BA and an LLB and an expert in Banking.

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) on 1 August 2013 approved the proposal for the sale of 10 percent Government stake in Indian Oil Corporation (IOC). The proposal is expected to collect 3840 crore rupees to the exchequer at the current market price.

The decision was taken at CCEA meeting headed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.

At present the Government holds 78.92 percent stake in IOC. IOC has a market capitalisation of 54519 crore rupees. The stake sale would happen through the offer for sale route (OFS). The OFS route was introduced by SEBI in 2012 and it allows the companies to sell shares in a simplified process on the stock market platform through a one-day bidding.

The Disinvestment Department has selected five merchant bankers Citibank, HSBC, UBS Securities, SBI Capital and J M Financial to manage the sale of stake.

Indian Oil Corporation is India’s largest refiner and it posted a net profit of 5005 crore rupees in 2012-13, up from 3954 crore rupees in the previous year.

The disinvestment target through the stake sale of public sector undertakings in the current financial year (2013-14) is 40000 crore Rupees. So far, it has raised 929 crore rupees through stake sale in MMTC, Hindustan Copper and National Fertiliser.

Features of the Disinvestment Policy
• Citizens have every right to own part of the shares of Public Sector Undertakings
• Public Sector Undertakings are the wealth of the Nation and this wealth should rest in the hands of the people
• While pursuing disinvestment, Government has to retain majority shareholding, i.e. at least 51 percent and management control of the Public Sector Undertakings

The Director of Agni Missile Project, Defence Research and Development Organisation- Tessy Thomas announced on 2 August 2013 that the Agni V missile would become operational by 2015, with two or three successful test firings. The announcement was made at the National Conference on Systems, Energy and Environment organised by the Government College of Engineering at Mangattuparamba

A grant of more than half million dollars was announced by Obama Administration on 2 August 2013 for the victims of the shootout that took place at the Oak Creek Gurdwara on 5 August 2012. The grant was announced by Eric Holder, the US Attorney General by a blog.

The attack on the Gurudwara was termed as a jarring incident, because the incident occurred at the place of worship, felloship and above all of peace.

In his announcement, the Attorney General of US, Eric Holder also cleared that the crimes committed against the Hindus, Sikhs, Arabs, Buddhists, and three other minority religions would now be considered as the hate crime by law enforcement agencies and the FBI. The recommendation sent by the Advisory Policy Board to FBI Director was accepted by him.

About the Incidence
A gunman killed 6 worshipers at a Sikh Gurudwara at Oak Creek in Wisconsin on 5 August 2012. The temple in Oak Creek was founded in October 1997 and has a congregation of 350 to 400 people. Oak Creek is a city in Milwaukee County of Wisconsin state in United States that is located in north-central part of the country.



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